Living+Environment

= Teacher: Ms Bithorn = = School: = = Tonawanda Middle School, Living Environment 09-10 = Classification Evolution || Cell and Cell Processes Biochemistry || Nutrition Gas Exchange and Transport || Excretion Nervous and Hormonal Regulation Movement || Lab workbook used as a supplement Use of current events and scientific journal articles || Textbook: Biology-The Dynamics of Life. Glencoe, 2004 Lab workbook used as a supplement Use of current events and scientific journal articles || Textbook: Biology-The Dynamics of Life. Glencoe, 2004 Lab workbook used as a supplement Use of current events and scientific journal articles || Textbook: Biology-The Dynamics of Life. Glencoe, 2004 Lab workbook used as a supplement Use of current events and scientific journal articles || 1. correctly define the terms **biology, inorganic, and organic.** 2. recognize that **water** is the most common **inorganic compound** in living things. 3. correctly define the following terms; **nutrition, ingestion, digestion, circulation, movement, respiration, synthesis, excretion, regulation, growth, reproduction, and immunity.** 4. define the term **metabolism** and relate it to the functioning of an organism. 5. define the term **homeostasis**. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">6. recognize that a disruption in any organism system will result in a corresponding disruption of homeostasis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">7. recognize that organisms possess a diverse set of control mechanisms that detect changes in the internal or external environment and make adjustments to correct the situation. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">8. explain the **homeostatic regulation of body temperature in humans.** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Upon completion of the Classification unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">1. explain what organism **classification** is and the purpose of this. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">2. state the role of **Linnaeus** in devising the current classification scheme. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">3. describe the **taxonomic hierarchical** **sequence** and recognize that as you move <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">down this sequence, the organisms involved are in smaller, more closely related groups. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">4. explain the criteria for the current **six kingdom system of classification.** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">5. list the six major kingdoms of living things and state some basic characteristics <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">and examples of these. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">6. distinguish between **Protozoa and Algae**. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Upon completion of the Evolution unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">1. define the term **evolution** and recognize that current life forms have evolved from earlier life forms. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">2. recognize that evolution provides an explanation for the differences in **structure, function, and behavior** among life forms. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">3. recognize that **radioactive dating** has determined the approximate age of the earth as 4.6 billion years. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">4. define the term **fossil** and list examples of these. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">5. state the **law of superposition** and relate it to the age and complexity of fossils found in undisturbed horizontal rock layers (strata). <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">6. explain how observations of fossils in adjacent rock strata often support the theory <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">of evolution. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">7. define the term **adaptation**. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">8. explain how **gene mutations** may be increased in incidence. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">9. recognize that gene mutations can only be passed on to the offspring if they occur in an organism's **sex cells**. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">10. define the term **biological adaptation**. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">11. state Darwin's theory of **natural selection** and explain the following features in his theory; **overproduction, competition, variations, survival of the fittest, reproduction, and speciation.** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">12. define the term adaptive **variations**. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">13. explain some initial weaknesses of Darwin's theory. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">14. compare the **modern natural selection theory** to that of Darwin. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">15. state two sources of variation not recognized by Darwin. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">16. explain the modern theory of natural selection. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">17. explain why increased genetic diversity tends to enhance the survival of a species. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">18. recognize that traits which are beneficial to an organism tend to enhance its survival, while traits which are not beneficial tend to hurt its chances for survival. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">19. explain the following examples of evolution in modern times in terms of the theory of natural selection; **peppered moth, insect resistance to insecticides, bacterial resistance to antibiotics.** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">20. recognize that **evolutionary factors operate on populations, not individual organisms.** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">21. define the term **speciation**. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">22. describe the variety of pathways evolution may take. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">23. recognize that the **extinction** of a species may occur when the environment changes and the adaptive characteristics of an organism now longer support its survival. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">24. recognize that extinction is common and that most of the organisms which have <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">appeared on this planet through its evolutionary history are now extinct. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">25. recognize that the **species is the fundamental unit of classification**. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">26. state the purpose of classification. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">27. recognize that organisms are classified based on structural similarities and evolutionary relationships. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">28. realize that small differences between parents and offspring can accumulate over successive generations so that descendants become very different from their ancestors. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">29. recognize that the more similar two organisms DNA sequences, the more closely <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">related they are from an evolutionary standpoint. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">30. recognize that 3 to 4 billion years ago it is thought that the first primitive life appeared on the earth. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">31. explain briefly the **heterotroph hypothesis.** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">32. recognize that about 1 billion years ago, increasingly complex multicellular organisms <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">began to appear. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">33. recognize that the great diversity of organisms is the result of billions of years of evolution that has filled the available **niches** of the earth with life forms. || Upon the completion of the Cell and Cell Processes unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">1. discuss and compare the following relative organizational levels; **cell, tissue, organ,** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">and organ systems. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">2. recognize that improvements in the **light microscope** and microscopic techniques <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">during the last four centuries have allowed the development of the cell theory. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">3. state the **cell theory**. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">4. convert micrometer measurements to millimeters and vice versa. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">5. describe the appearance and chief function(s) of the following organelles found in both plant and animal cells; **nucleus, nuclear membrane, nucleolus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, food vacuole, contractile vacuole, lysosome, mitochondrion, golgi apparatus, and plasma membrane.** <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">6. relate the structure of the **plasma membrane** to its function. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">7. discuss the role of the **centriole** in animal cells. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">8. state the role of the **cell wall and chloroplasts** in plant cells. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">9. define the following terms associated with processes of the plasma membrane; <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">**diffusion, concentration gradient, osmosis, solute, solvent, permeability, and semi permeable**. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">10. given osmotic situations, correctly indicate the direction of osmotic flow and explain why this is so. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">11. explain the differences between passive transport and active transport. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">12. explain the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Upon completion of the Biochemistry unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">1. list several examples of carbohydrates. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">2. explain what is meant by a pentose sugar. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">3. explain the difference between deoxyribose sugar and ribose sugar. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">4. explain the difference between a monosaccharide, dissacharide, and polysaccharide sugar. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">5. list three examples of polysaccharides and state their functions. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">6. list the major functions of proteins in the body. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">7. recognize that proteins are composed of amino acid subunits. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">8. explain what is meant by a dipeptide and a polypeptide. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">9. list three examples of polypeptides. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">10. explain in a sentence or two why there are so many possible kinds of proteins. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">11. list some examples of lipids and some basic functions of these. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">12. state the basic functions of phospholipids and steroids. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">13. explain what is meant by a catalyst. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">14. recognize that enzymes are organic catalysts composed chiefly of protein. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">15. recognize that enzyme names tend to end in -ase. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">16. explain how enzymes influence the activation energy needed to start a chemical <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">reaction and why this is significant to living things. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">17. explain how the functioning of the enzyme substrate complex allow enzymes to <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">be reused in reactions. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">18. explain what is meant by the active site of an enzyme and relate the shape of <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">an enzyme to its function. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">19. explain what is meant by the "Lock and Key" concept of enzyme activity. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">20. recognize that even though enzymes may be reused in cells, eventually they are <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">destroyed and new enzymes must be resynthesized. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">21. define the term substrate. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">22. define the term coenzyme. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">23. explain how the following factors influence the activity of most enzymes; pH, <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">temperature, and concentration of enzyme or substrate. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">24. explain the basic difference in structure and function between DNA and RNA. || Upon completion of the Nutrition unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">1. define the terms nutrition, ingestion, digestion, autotroph, and heterotroph. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">2. define the terms micronutrient and macronutrient. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">3. list four categories of macronutrients and explain their chief functions in the body. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">4. list two categories of micronutrients. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">5. list four factors which influence the nutritional requirements of humans. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">6, explain the composition of roughage (fiber) and list some reasons the body needs this. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">7. recognize that carbohydrates should provide at least 50% of the energy needs of the body. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">8. list the hydrolytic breakdown products of complete carbohydrate, protein, and lipid <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">digestion, as well as the enzymes facilitating this process. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">9. state two other names for the GI (gastrointestinal) tract. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">10. state the chief role(s) of the following in the human digestive process; mouth, oral cavity, <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">tongue, teeth, and salivary glands. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">11. define the term peristalsis and recognize that it begins in the esophagus in humans. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">12. describe the role of the epiglottis and esophagus in human digestion. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">13. describe the appearance and role of the stomach in human digestion. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">14. describe the roles of pepsin (gastric protease) and HCl in the stomach. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">15. recognize it is the job of the liver to make bile and the gall bladder to temporarily <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">store bile. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">16. recognize the function of bile is to emulsify lipids in the small intestine. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">17. define the term emulsification. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">18. describe the role of pancreatic juice in the digestive process in the small intestine. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">19. explain how bile and pancreatic juice are carried to the small intestine. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">20. describe the role of intestinal juice in the small intestine. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">21. discuss the role of the folding of the small intestine and the villi which line its surface. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">22. recognize that the appendix is a vestigial structure in humans. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">23. state the chief function of the large intestine, rectum, and anus in humans. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">24. define the term defecation. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">25. given a diagram of the human digestive system, label the major organs of the system. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">26. list the chief symptom(s) and/or cause of the following digestive disorders; ulcer, appendicitis, gallstones, constipation, and diarrhea. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">Upon completion of the Respiration unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">1. correctly state the respiratory function(s) of the following human respiratory structures; nostrils, nasal passages, pharynx, glottis, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli (lung), and the diaphragm. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">2. given a human respiration diagram, correctly label the structures listed in objective number one. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">3. explain how gases are exchanged between the alveoli and capillaries surrounding them. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">4. explain the mechanical process of breathing. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">5. discuss the chief symptom(s) of the following respiratory disorders; pneumonia, asthma, and emphysema. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">6. recognize that all organisms must have a thin, moist membrane for the respiratory exchange of gases. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">7. describe the feedback mechanism which regulates human respiratory rate through our <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">medulla <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Upon completion of the Transport unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">1. define the term transport. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">2. describe the location and function of atria, ventricles, valves, and the septum in the human heart. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">3. explain the statement "the heart is a double pump". <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">4. explain the difference between deoxygenated and oxygenated blood, and explain where in the heart and body each is found. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">5. explain how heartbeat is stimulated within the heart. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">6. list the major structures in order a blood cell must pass through in traveling through <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">the heart from the vena cavae to the aorta. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">7. given a heart diagram, label the following major structures within or associated <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">with the heart; inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, and the major <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">valves. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">8. list some major functions of the blood in reference to the maintenance of body <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">homeostasis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">9. describe the composition of the blood. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">10. state the major function, size, and relative numbers of the following; red blood cells, <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">white blood cells, and platelets. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">11. distinguish between the functions of phagocytes and lymphocytes. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">12. define the terms antigen and antibody. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">13. compare the composition of plasma, ICF, and lymph in the body, as well as their <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">locations and functions. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">14. identify the function of lymph nodes in the lymph system. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">15. recognize that the heart, veins, and lymph vessels have valves and explain why <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">they are needed. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">16. discuss the major symptoms and causes of the following cardiovascular disorders; <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">hypertension, angina pectoris, coronary thrombosis. || Upon completion of the Excretion unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">1. define the term excretion. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">2. list several metabolic processes which produce excretory wastes and state the specific waste(s) produced by each process. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">3. explain the chief excretory functions of the lungs, liver, skin, and large intestine. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">4. explain the role of the skin in the maintenance of temperature homeostasis in humans. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">5. explain how bromothymol blue may be used to demonstrate the excretion of <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">carbon dioxide by the lungs. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">6. describe the two major functions of the kidney in the body. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">7. given a diagram of the human urinary tract, identify the kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">8. state the functions of the ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">9. compare the nitrogenous waste removal process in land versus aquatic organisms. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Upon the completion of the Nervous and Hormonal Regulation unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">1. recognize that nervous control depends mostly upon the functioning of <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">neurons (nerve cells). <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">2. define the term stimulus and list examples of this. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">3. define the following terms; impulse, receptors, response, and effectors. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">4. define the term neuron. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">5. given a neuron diagram, correctly identify the following structures; cyton, <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, terminal branches, and synapse. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">6. state the function of the structures stated in objective # 5. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">7. explain what is meant by a neurotransmitter. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">8. describe the steps involved in the transmission of an impulse between neurons. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">9. recognize that responses involve the action of effectors. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">10. describe some ways that organisms detect and respond to changes at the <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">organism and cellular level. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">11. explain what is meant by a central nervous system. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">12. given a diagram of a human brain, correctly identify the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">13. state the chief function(s) of the brain regions listed in objective # 12. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">14. describe the chief functions of the spinal cord and explain how it is protected. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">15. explain what is meant by the peripheral nervous system. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">16. discuss some direct causes of stroke and some consequences of this. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">17. explain what is meant by an endocrine gland, exocrine gland, and a dual gland. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">18. explain how hormones are transported in the human body. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">19. explain what is meant by a target organ. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">20. recognize that hormones have specific shapes that fit with receptors on the surface <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">of the target organ or structure they are going to influence. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">21. explain what is meant by metamorphosis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">22. recognize that hormones interact and exert control on metabolic activities such <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">as reproduction and development. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">23. discuss the role of the hormone ecdysone. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">24. recognize that the nervous and endocrine systems interact to control and coordinate the body response to changes in the environment. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">25. recognize that homeostasis in organisms is constantly threatened. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">26. recognize that failure to regulate homeostasis can result in disease and/or death. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">27. describe the location and discuss the basic functions of the hypothalamus. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">28. explain where the pituitary gland is located. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">29. state the chief function of the following hormones produced by the pituitary gland; <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">growth hormone, FSH, TSH, and LH. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">30. describe the location of the thyroid gland and state the hormone it produces. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">31. state the function of thyroxin in the human body. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">32. describe the location of the parathyroid glands and explain how they control body <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">calcium levels. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">33. describe the function of the hormones adrenaline and cortisol produced by the <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">adrenal gland. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">34. describe the location of the adrenal gland in the human body. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">35. explain two ways insulin controls the level of blood sugar in humans. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">36. state the chief function of testosterone and state where it is produced. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">37. state the chief function of estrogen and state where it is produced. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">38. given a diagram, identify the location of the following structures; ovaries, testes, <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">pancreas, adrenal glands, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, and <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">hypothalamus. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">39. explain a major cause of goiter and a chief symptom of this disorder. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">40. state the chief cause of diabetes and list several major symptoms of this order. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">41. explain what is meant by negative feedback. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">42. describe the feedback loop between thyroid releasing factor, TSH, and thyroxin. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">43. describe the feedback loop between insulin, blood glucose levels, glucagon, and <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">glycogen. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">44. in a paragraph or two, compare the nervous and endocrine systems in reference to the chemicals they produce, the duration of their responses, and the mechanism <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">by which their chemicals are carried. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Upon completion of the Movement unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">1. define the term locomotion. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">2. list five reasons locomotion enhances the ability of an organism to survive. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">3. list five functions of the human skeleton. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">4. describe cartilage and list three major functions it has. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">5. explain the difference between tendons and ligaments. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">6. describe the chief symptom of tendonitis and arthritis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">7. describe the appearance, function, and some locations of skeletal muscle, smooth (visceral) muscle, and cardiac muscle. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">8. describe how muscle fatigue occurs and the cause of this. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">9. recognize that organisms possess a great variety of locomotion structures. || Graphing Lab Lab Safety Experiment Lab Dichotomous Key Lab Patterns of Evolution Beaks of Finches || ** Cells ** Compound Microscope Lab Plant and Animal Cell Differ Measuring With a Microscope Diffusion Through a Membrane || ** Human Physiology ** Nutrient Testing CO2 Production during Respiration || **<span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Human Physiology ** <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Human Nervous—Internet Urinalysis (Kidneys) Reflexes and Reactions Making Connections || Quizzes <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: lime; msohighlight: lime;">Lab <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msohighlight: yellow;">write-ups Homework Projects || Tests Quizzes <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: lime; msohighlight: lime;">Lab <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msohighlight: yellow;">write-ups Homework Projects || Tests Quizzes <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: lime; msohighlight: lime;">Lab <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msohighlight: yellow;">write-ups Homework Projects || Tests Quizzes <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: lime; msohighlight: lime;">Lab <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msohighlight: yellow;">write-ups Homework Projects ||
 * || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">September || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">October || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">November || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">December ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Unit Title/Theme || Life Processes and Homeostasis
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Related Literature || <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Textbook: Biology-The Dynamics of Life. Glencoe. 2004.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Content (include specific vocabulary) || Upon completion of the Life Processes unit the student will:
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Skills || ** Introduction **
 * Evolution **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Technology || **<span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of internet websites to reinforce concepts taught. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: BrainPOP, web quests **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of Microsoft Office programs for application and data analysis. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: PowerPoint, Excel, Word ** || **<span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of internet websites to reinforce concepts taught. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: BrainPOP, web quests **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of Microsoft Office programs for application and data analysis. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: PowerPoint, Excel, Word ** || **<span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of internet websites to reinforce concepts taught. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: BrainPOP, web quests **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of Microsoft Office programs for application and data analysis. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: PowerPoint, Excel, Word ** || **<span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of internet websites to reinforce concepts taught. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: BrainPOP, web quests **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of Microsoft Office programs for application and data analysis. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: PowerPoint, Excel, Word ** ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Assessments || Tests

Teacher’s Names Schraufstetter School Tonawanda Middle SchoolGrade Level/CourseLiving EnvironmentYear 2007-2008

Curriculum Map
Disease and Immunity || Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction Meiosis, Sexual Reproduction, and Development || Basics Genetics || Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology || <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Lab workbook used as a supplement <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Use of current events and scientific journal articles || <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Textbook: Biology-The Dynamics of Life. Glencoe, 2004 <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Lab workbook used as a supplement <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Use of current events and scientific journal articles || <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Textbook: Biology-The Dynamics of Life. Glencoe, 2004 <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Lab workbook used as a supplement <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Use of current events and scientific journal articles || <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Textbook: Biology-The Dynamics of Life. Glencoe, 2004 <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Lab workbook used as a supplement <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Use of current events and scientific journal articles || <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">1. define the term respiration and recognize that the process involves gas exchange between the organism and its environment. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">2. state the overall equation for aerobic cellular respiration. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">3. explain the significance of the energy conversions involved in cellular respiration. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">4. explain what ATP is and its significance. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">5. explain how ATP is converted to ADP and explain what the energy released <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">may be used for. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">6. explain the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">7. explain the process of alcohol fermentation and its significance. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">8. state the equation for lactic acid fermentation and explain how this may lead <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">to muscle fatigue. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">9. recognize that the process of aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria using many enzyme controlled steps. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">10. recognize that aerobic respiration is much more efficient in the production of ATP than anaerobic respiration. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">11. explain the purpose of the process of photosynthesis for a plant. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">12. state the overall equation for photosynthesis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">13. list several factors which improve the efficiency of the photosynthetic process. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">14. explain the role of chlorophyll and chloroplasts in photosynthesis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">15. discuss the process of chromatography in reference to the separation of plant pigments. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">16. state several uses for the glucose formed in photosynthesis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">17. recognize that algae and green plants are organisms which carry on photosynthesis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Upon the completion of this unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">1. define disease as a failure of homeostasis and list examples of this. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">2. recognize that viruses, bacteria, fungi. And other organisms may invade other plants and animals interfering with their homeostasis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">3. explain what is meant by the immune response. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">4. state the function of natural killer cells. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">5. define the term antigen. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">6. define the term antibody. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">7. explain how phagocytes and lymphocytes assist in the immune function. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">8. recognize that some white blood cells may mark antigens for attack by other <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">white blood cells or antibodies. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">9. recognize that antibodies have specific shapes which allow them to attack specific <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">antigens. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">10. explain what is meant by immunity. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">11. explain the difference between active and passive immunity and list some ways of getting each of these. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">12. explain how receiving a vaccination or recovery from a disease may produce a primary and secondary immune response. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">13. explain what an allergy is. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">14. explain the difference between a histamine and an antihistamine. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">15. explain what is meant by autoimmune diseases and list some examples of these. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">16. discuss what AIDS is and explain how it destroys the immune system. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">17. relate our knowledge of immunity to tissue transplantation and blood typing. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">18. explain the role of lymph nodes in the immune process. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">19. list 5 other causes of disease besides infections or parasitic attacks and list <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">some examples of each of these causes. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">20. explain what cancer is and how it interferes with homeostasis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">21. recognize that exposure of cells to certain chemicals and radiation increases the chance of having a mutation and getting cancer. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">22. recognize that biological research may generate knowledge used to prevent, <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">diagnose, treat, control, and cure diseases of plants and animals. || Upon completion of the Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">1. recognize that the process of mitosis occurs in non-sex cells. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">2. recognize that the process of mitosis produces only one replication and division <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">which produces the same numbers and kinds of chromosomes as in the parent cell. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">3. list the major phases and describe the major events in each phase during the process <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">of cell division and mitosis in a typical animal cell. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">4. explain the difference between a chromatid, centromere, and a spindle fiber. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">5. list two ways the process of mitosis differs between plant and animal cells. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">6. list three significant results of mitosis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">7. define the term cancer. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">8. explain the difference between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">9. correctly define what is meant by the following methods of asexual reproduction <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">and list examples of each; binary fission, budding, sporulation, regeneration, and <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">vegetative propagation. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">10. recognize that asexual reproduction is a form of mitosis and that individuals <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">produced during asexual reproduction are genetically identical to their parent. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Upon completion of the Meiosis, Sexual Reproduction, and Development unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">1. define the term gametogenesis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">2. recognize that chromosomes exist in pairs in body cells. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">3. recognize that each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">4. define the following terms correctly; homologous chromosomes, diploid number, <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">haploid (monoploid) number, gametes, and gonads. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">5. explain how the chromosome numbers are halved in cells produced by meiosis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">6. recognize that meiosis only occurs in animals in gamete producing cells of the gonads. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">7. explain how the diploid number of a species is maintained through the processes <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">of meiosis and fertilization. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">8. describe the first meiotic division and explain the following terms; tetrad, synapsis, <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">and crossing over. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">9. describe the second meiotic division. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">10. explain why cells formed as the result of meiosis show variation from each other <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">and their parent cell. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">11. correctly define the terms disjunction and nondisjunction. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">12. explain how nondisjunction may result in Down’s Syndrome or polyploidy. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">13. compare and contrast the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">14. describe the major mechanisms of reproduction and development in vertebrates. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">15. explain how the uterus, placenta, and umbilical cord are involved in the <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">development of placental mammals. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">16. correctly define the terms afterbirth and mammary glands. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">17. describe the process of embryonic development in humans in reference to <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">the following terms; cleavage, blastula, gastrula, and differentiation. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">18. describe the development of major human body organs during pregnancy. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">19. correctly define the terms growth, aging, and death. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">20. recognize that patterns of development vary between different plants and animals. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">21. explain the major function(s) of the following structures in the human male <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">reproductive system; testes, scrotum, seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens, Cowper’s gland, seminal vesicle, Prostate gland, urethra, and penis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">22. given a diagram of the human reproductive system, correctly identify the location of the organs in objective # 21. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">23. correctly explain the role of semen and ejaculation. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">24. explain the major function(s) of the following structures in the human female <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">reproductive system; ovaries, oviduct, uterus, cervix, and vagina. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">25. given a diagram of the human reproductive system, correctly identify the <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">location of the organs in objective # 24. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">26. state the function(s) of the following key reproductive hormones in humans; <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">testosterone, progesterone, estrogen, FSH, and LH. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">27. list the stages of the menstrual cycle in order and discuss the major events of each stage. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">28. define the terms gestation period and in vitro fertilization. || Upon completion of the Basic Genetics unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">1. recognize that Mendel developed his laws of heredity without any prior knowledge concerning genes or chromosomes. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">2. list at least five reasons for Mendel’s success working with pea plants. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">3. recognize that every organism has coded instructions for specifying its traits and <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">that DNA provides a reliable way for transferring hereditary information from one <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">generation to the next. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">4. recognize that each gene carries a separate piece of information. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">5. recognize that the inherited trait of an individual can be determined by one or by many genes, and that one gene can influence more than one cell. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">6. recognize that each human cell contains thousands of genes. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">7. correctly define the following terms; gene, allele, chromosome, locus, and homologous <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">chromosomes. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">8. recognize that alleles are located on the same position on homologous chromosomes. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">9. recognize that in asexually reproducing organisms, all the genes come from a single <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">parent and are identical to those of the parent. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">10. recognize that sexually reproducing organisms receive half their genetic information from their Mother’s egg and half from their Father’s sperm. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">11. recognize that sexually reproduced offspring usually resemble, but are not identical to their parents. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">12. define the following terms and correctly use them in reference to genetic crosses; <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">homozygous, heterozygous (hybrid), parental generation, first filial generation, and <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">second filial generation. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">13. define the terms progeny and sibling. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">14. define the following terms and correctly use them in reference to genetic crosses; <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">phenotype and genotype. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">15. state Mendel’s three Laws of Heredity and correctly explain each. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">16. list two examples of intermediate inheritance. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">17. list two examples of codominance. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">18. correctly complete genetic crosses/Punnett squares involving the Law of Dominance, <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">incomplete dominance, or codominance. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">19. define the term gene linkage and list an example of this in humans. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">20. define the term crossing over and explain how it leads to genetic variability in <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">sexually produced offspring. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">21. explain what is meant by a karyotype and list some examples of its usefulness. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">22. explain how sex is determined in the genetic makeup of humans. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">23. explain why the male determines the sex of a human baby. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">24. define the term mutation. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">25. explain why only mutations in gametes may be passed on to the offspring. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">26. explain the difference between a chromosomal alteration and a gene mutation. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">27. define the following terms correctly; disjunction, nondisjunction, polyploidy, <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">and mutagenic agent. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">28. list some examples of mutagenic agents. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">29. recognize that the adaptive value of a gene mutation is dependent upon the nature of the <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">mutation and the type of environment in which the organism interacts. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">30. list three examples of the interaction of the environment with genes in the expression of <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">inherited traits. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">31. explain the difference between the following types of selective breeding; artificial selection, <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">inbreeding, hybridization, vegetative propagation, and recombinant DNA technology. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">32. explain the difference between the following changes in chromosome structure; <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">translocation, addition, deletion, and inversion. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">33. recognize that the mapping of the genetic instructions in cells makes it possible to detect, <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">and perhaps correct, defective genes that lead to poor health. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">34. recognize that substances from genetically engineered organisms may reduce the costs <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">and side effects of replacing costly body chemicals. || Upon completion of the Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">1. recognize that DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) controls cellular activity by influencing <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">the production of enzymes. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">2. describe the structure of a nucleotide. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">3. describe the structure of the DNA molecule. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">4. explain what is meant by complementary base pairing. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">5. explain how DNA is able to replicate itself during mitosis and meiosis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">6. correctly define the term template. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">7. explain the usefulness of the Watson-Crick model of DNA. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">8. define the term polymer and explain why DNA and RNA are polymers. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">9. describe the structure of RNA and list three ways it differs in structure from DNA. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">10. explain how proteins are synthesized from a DNA template. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">11. define the terms transcription and translation. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">12. explain the role of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA in the process of protein synthesis. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">13. correctly define the terms triplet, codon, and anticodon. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">14. in a paragraph or two, explain how DNA, RNA, and proteins are able to determine the individuality of an organism. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">15. recognize that the work of a cell is carried out by the many different kinds of molecules it assembles (especially its proteins). <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">16. recognize that proteins are long, folded molecules composed of up to 20 different kinds of amino acids which interact to produce specific protein shapes. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">17. recognize that enzymes and hormones are protein in nature. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">18. recognize that the specific shape of a protein usually determines its function. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">19. realize that offspring resemble their parents because they inherit similar genes that code for the production of proteins that form similar structures and perform similar functions. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">20. explain in a paragraph how cell functions are regulated. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">21. explain why the body cells of an organism can be very different from each other, even though they have the same genetic makeup. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">22. explain what is meant by cloning and list some uses of this. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">23. describe the process of genetic engineering and list five uses for this procedure. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">24. explain what restriction enzymes are and how they are used. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">25. recognize that inserting, deleting, or altering DNA segments can alter genes and that this alteration may be passed on to every cell that develops from the altered cell. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">26. explain what the genetic mapping is. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">27. explain what the human genome project is and some potential advantages and <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">disadvantages of this work. || Respiration Cardiovascular Lab Blood: Liquid Lifeline Making Connections Fetal Pig Dissection || ** Reproduction and Development ** <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Investigating Cell Division Making and Interpreting Pedigree Studies || ** Reproduction and Development ** <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-highlight: lime; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: lime;">Nucleic Acids – Internet Lab DNA Extraction || ** Reproduction and Development ** Genetic Engineering Candy DNA Model Creating a DNA Fingerprint || Quizzes <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: lime; msohighlight: lime;">Lab <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msohighlight: yellow;">write-ups Homework Projects || Tests Quizzes <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: lime; msohighlight: lime;">Lab <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msohighlight: yellow;">write-ups Homework Projects || Tests Quizzes <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: lime; msohighlight: lime;">Lab <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msohighlight: yellow;">write-ups Homework Projects || Tests Quizzes <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: lime; msohighlight: lime;">Lab <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msohighlight: yellow;">write-ups Homework Projects ||
 * || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">January || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">February || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">March || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">April ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Unit Title/Theme || Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Related Literature || <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Textbook: Biology-The Dynamics of Life. Glencoe, 2004
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Content (include specific vocabulary) || Upon completion of the Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis unit the student will:
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Skills || ** Human Physiology **
 * Human Physiology **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Technology || **<span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of internet websites and videos to reinforce concepts taught. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: BrainPOP, web quests, internet immunity and disease research project, virtual pig dissection **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of Microsoft Office programs for application and data analysis. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: PowerPoint, Excel, Word ** || **<span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of internet websites and videos to reinforce concepts taught. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: BrainPOP, web quests **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of Microsoft Office programs for application and data analysis. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: PowerPoint, Excel, Word ** || **<span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of internet websites and videos to reinforce concepts taught. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: BrainPOP, web quests, wiki space, Podcasting **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of Microsoft Office programs for application and data analysis. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: PowerPoint, Excel, Word ** || **<span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of internet websites and videos to reinforce concepts taught. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: BrainPOP, web quests, wiki space, Podcasting **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of Microsoft Office programs for application and data analysis. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: PowerPoint, Excel, Word ** ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Assessments || Tests

Lab workbook used as a supplement Use of current events and scientific journal articles || Textbook: Biology-The Dynamics of Life. Glencoe, 2004 Lab workbook used as a supplement Living Environment Review Book Use of current events and scientific journal articles ||  ||   || <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">1. define the term ecology. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">2. define the terms population, community, and ecosystem. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">3. list examples of populations, communities, and ecosystems. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">4. define the term biosphere. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">5. explain the difference between abiotic and biotic factors. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">6. explain why biotic and abiotic factors must interact to produce a stable ecosystem and list an example of this. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">7. list two requirements for a self sustaining ecosystem. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">8. list some reasons for competition between organisms. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">9. list seven abiotic factors and discuss ways the influence an ecosystem. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">10. define the term carrying capacity. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">11. explain the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph and list examples of these. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">12. define the following terms pertaining to nutritional relationships and list examples of <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">these; saprophyte (decomposer), herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, predator, and <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">scavenger. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">13. explain what is meant by symbiosis and list three examples of symbiotic relationships. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">14. define and list examples for the terms parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">15. define the terms food chain and food web. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">16. list examples of food chains and food webs. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">17. explain what is meant by the following terms and correctly identify examples of these; producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and decomposer. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">18. recognize that approximately 90% of the energy is lost between consecutive steps <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">of a food web to heat and wastes and becomes unavailable for the next feeding level. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">19. describe feeding interactions in the form of a food pyramid. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">20. define the term biomass. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">21. define the term succession. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">22. explain how alterations in the environment may lead to successions. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">23. define the terms pioneer organism and climax community. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">24. list examples of pioneer organisms and climax communities in Northern NY. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">25. recognize that each stage of a succession changes its environment so that the environment becomes more unfavorable for itself and more favorable for succeeding successional stages. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">26. explain the difference between a primary and secondary succession. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">27. describe in a paragraph a typical "New England old field" succession. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">28. recognize that the climax community is the dominant plant species of an area. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">29. define the term flora. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">30. explain the competitive exclusion principle and list an example of this. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">31. define the terms niche and habitat. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">32. explain the role of photosynthesis and respiration in the carbon-oxygen cycle. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">33. discuss the water cycle and correctly include the following terms in this discussion; <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">photosynthesis, respiration, evaporation, transpiration, condensation, excretion, and <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">precipitation. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">34. define the term biodiversity. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">35. explain how increased biodiversity leads to more stability in the environment. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">36. define the term monoculture and explain why it decreases biodiversity. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msobidifontsize: 12.0pt; msohighlight: yellow;">37. list and explain at least two reasons why increased biodiversity is valuable to humans. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Upon completion of the Human Ecology unit the student will: <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">1. recognize that humans have upset natural systems. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">2. describe some ways the following natural ecosystem processes affect humans; <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">maintenance of atmospheric quality, generation of soils, control of the water cycle, removal of wastes, energy flow, and the cycling of nutrients. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">3. recognize that human population growth has increased rapidly, because of the removal of checks on population growth, such as disease. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">4. recognize that increasing numbers of humans will ultimately be limited by the earth's finite resources. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">5. interpret and/or draw graphs describing human population growth. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">6. explain how uncontrolled population growth effected the Kaibab deer. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">7. recognize that population growth is outpacing food production in some regions of the world. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">8. list at least four ways our soils have become contaminated, depleted, or lost to our use. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">9. list three different common kinds of water pollutants. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">10. explain what is meant by biomagnification and list an example of this. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">11. list examples of species damage and destruction by overhunting and habitat destruction. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">12. list several exotic species and explain how they have damaged the environment of <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">Northern New York. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">13. recognize that the obtaining, using, and storing the wastes from nuclear fuels has negative consequences for our environment. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">14. explain the cause and some negative consequences of the Greenhouse Effect. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">15. explain the causes and some negative consequences of acid rain pollution. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">16. explain the causes and some negative consequences of ozone depletion. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">17. explain how our increasing population numbers are using up available living space <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">and farmlands. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">18. explain how timber depletion and the direct harvesting of timber is impacting land <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">use and atmospheric quality. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">19. discuss the waste disposal problems affluent human life styles have led to. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">20. describe our competition for food with insects and the dangers posed by insecticide use. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">21. recognize that pollution can adversely change the chemical composition of our soil, <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">air, and water. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">22. explain how population growth and distribution can influence environmental quality. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">23. explain how the capacity of technology to solve problems can influence environmental quality. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">24. list and explain some examples of economic, political, cultural, and ethical views influencing environmental quality. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">25. list several ways we are trying to preserve endangered species. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">26. list several ways we are trying to reduce air pollution. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">27. explain what SEQR is. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">28. explain the difference between the chemical and biological control of insects. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">29. list and explain seven different variations used in the biological control of insects. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">30. recognize that through a greater awareness and application of ecological principles, each individual can help assure that there will be suitable environments for future generations on our planet. <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">31. recognize that when new technologies are introduced, decisions must be made <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: yellow;">to assess environmental risks, costs, benefits, and trade-offs. || Review all material. ||  ||   || Parts of a Food Web/Chain Competition in a Community Snekelert Survival Relationships and Biodiversity Lesson of the Kaibab Owl Pellet Lab || ** Review ** Lab Skill Review Lab ||  ||   || Quizzes <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: lime; msohighlight: lime;">Lab <span style="background: yellow; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; mso-highlight: yellow; msohighlight: yellow;">write-ups Homework Projects || Regents Living Environment Exam in June ||  ||   ||
 * || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">May || <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">June ||  ||   ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Unit Title/Theme || Ecology and Human Ecology || Review ||  ||   ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Related Literature || Textbook: Biology-The Dynamics of Life. Glencoe, 2004
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Content (include specific vocabulary) || Upon the completion of the Ecology unit the student will:
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Skills || ** Ecology **
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Technology || **<span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of internet websites and videos to reinforce concepts taught. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: BrainPOP, web quests, biome travel brochure internet research project **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of Microsoft Office programs for application and data analysis. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: PowerPoint, Excel, Word ** || **<span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of internet websites and videos to reinforce concepts taught. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: BrainPOP, web quests **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Use of Microsoft Office programs for application and data analysis. **
 * <span style="background: lime; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-highlight: lime;">Examples: PowerPoint, Excel, Word ** ||  ||   ||
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial Rounded MT Bold'; font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Assessments || Tests